1914

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1914 by topic:

Arts

Architecture - Art - Film - Literature - Music - Television

Science and technology

Archaeology - Aviation - Meteorology - Rail transport - Radio - Science

By country

Australia - Canada - India - Ireland - Mexico - South Africa

Other topics

Awards - Sport - Law - State leaders - Religious leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. (see link for calendar)

Events

January-April

• January 4 - 77 seal hunters freeze to death on ice near Labrador.
• January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor.
• January 9 - Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C.
• January 10 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa's troops take Ojinaga in the Mexican state of Chihuahua
• February 13 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
• March 1 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
• March 10 - Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velasquez painting Rokeby Venus in London’s national gallery with a meat chopper.
• March 16 - Wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmet, the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage. (She is later acquitted.)
• March 27 - Belgian surgeon A. Hustin makes the first successful blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
• March 29 - Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive in Easter Island to make the first true study of it (departs August 1915)
• April 14 - The city of Irving, Texas is incorporated.
• April 20 - Colorado coalfield Massacre or Ludlow Massacre. Colorado National guard attacks 1200 tent colony of striking coal miners in Ludlow - 24 people dead.
• April 21 - 3000 US marines land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
• The American Radio Relay League is founded.

May-July

• May 9 - J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3000 first-class wickets.
• May 14 - Woodrow Wilson signs Mother's Day proclamation.
• May 14 - The Hellenic Holocaust begins in the Ottoman Empire.
• May 25 - The United Kingdom's House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.
• May 29 - The ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,024 lives lost.

• June 1 - Woodrow Wilson's envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
• June 18 - Constitutionals take San Luis Potos - Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta's surrender
• June 23 - Kiel Canal reopened (having been deepened) by the Kaiser; Visit of the British Fleet under Sir G. Warrender: Kaiser inspects the Dreadnought HMS King George V.
• June 28 - The assassination in Sarajevo: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg are killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
• June 29 - Austria-Hungary: Secretary of the Legation at Belgrade sends despatch to Vienna suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo and throughout Bosnia generally.
• June 30 - Great Britain.-Addresses in Parliament on the murdered Archduke: Lords Crewe 7 Lansdowne in House of Lords;Messrs. Asquith & Law in Commons.
• July 2 - Announcement that the German Kaiser will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
• July 4 - Austria-Hungary: Funeral of the Archduke at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna).
• July 5 - Council at Potsdam.
• July 6 - The German Kaiser leaves Kiel for a cruise in Northern waters.
• July 7 - Austria-Hungary: Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, Chief of General Staff and Naval Commander-in-Chief; Council lasts from 11.30 a.m. to 6.15 p.m.
• July 8 - Count Tisza makes a grave statement in the Hungarian Chamber concerning the murder of the Archduke.
• July 9 - The House of Lords completed the recasting of the Amendment Bill.

Austria-Hungary.-Emperor receives report of Austro-Hungarian investigation into the Sarajevo crime. The Times publishes account of Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").

• July 10 - Mr.Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies suddenly at Austrian Legation in Belgrade.
• July 12 - Demonstrations in Ulster suggesting civil war.
• July 13 - Reports of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade. Grave article in Times on "Failure of Recruiting." France.-Revelations in Senate (continued on Tuesday, 14th) of deficinces in French military equipment. Heavy selling of Canadian Pacific Railway shares in Berlin (continued on Thursday, 16th).
• July 14 - Government of Ireland Amending Bill passed by House of Lords.
• July 15 - Victoriano Huerta resigns and leaves for Colón. Count Tisza makes statement in Hungarian chamber relations with Serbia: " they must be cleared up"
• July 17 - Victoriano Huerta leaves for exile in Spain. Austria-Hungary.-Report that Serbia has called up 70,000 reservists and is preparing for war. President Poincaré leaves Paris on a visit to Tsar Nicolas II of Russia.
• July 18 - The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time. British Fleet at Spithead: reviewed by the King.
• July 19 - Austria-Hungary.- Press scare concerning alleged "Greater Serbia" conspiracy. The King summons a Conference to discuss the Home Rule Problem.
• July 28 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it fails to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the Sarajevo assassination.
• July 31 - French pacifist Jean Jaures is assassinated.

August

• August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia.
• August 2 - German troops occupy Luxembourg.
• August 2 - Secret treaty between Turkey and Germany to secure Turkish neutrality
• August 3 - Germany declares war on Russia's ally France.
• August 4 - German troops invade neutral Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality. The United States declares neutrality.
• August 5 - USA and Panama sign the Panama Canal Treaty
• August 15 - The Panama Canal opens to traffic.
• August 15 - Venustiano Carranza's troops under general Alvaro Obregon enter Mexico City
• August 17-September 2 - World War I: Battle of Tannenberg
• August 20 - World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.
• August 23 - Japan declares war on Germany.
• August 26-27 - The Battle of Le Cateau.
• August 28 - The Battle of Helgoland - British cruisers under admiral Beatty sink three German cruisers.

• August 29-30 - The Battle of St. Quentin.

September-October

• September 1 - St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
• September 1 - The last known passenger pigeon dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.
• September 2 - Moronvilliers occupied by the Germans.
• September 3 - Giacomo della Chiesa is elected as the new Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He becomes Pope Benedict XV.
• September 5 - London Agreement - no member of Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with Central Powers.
• September 5 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins - Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Michel-Joseph Maunoury attack German forces who are advancing on the capital. Over 2 million troops will fight in the battle and 500,000 will be killed or wounded in this significant Allied victory.
• September 6 - French and British counterattack at Marne ends German advance on Paris.
• September 13-28 - The First Battle of the Aisne.
• September 17 - Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
• September 26 - The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
• September 30 - Flying Squadron established to promote temperance movement.
• October 9 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
• October 13 - Boston Braves beat the Philadelphia Athletics 3-1, to win baseball's World Series.
• October 29 - World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports: Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1-5.

November-December

• November 1 - World War I: Battle of Coronel fought - A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated by the superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee. This is the first British naval defeat of the war.
• November 4 - Britain and France declare war on Turkey.
• November 5 - The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
• November 16 - A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
• November 23 - US troops withdraw from Veracruz. Venustiano Carranza's troops take over and Carranza makes the town his headquarters
• November 28 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.
• December 7 - Federation of Oriental Jews founds the Oriental Jewish Community of New York
• December 24 - World War I: British and German soldiers interrupted World War I to celebrate Christmas, beginning the Christmas truce.

Unknown dates

• Marcus Garvey in Jamaica founds Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
• First everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.
• French Buddhist Alexandra David-Neel is the first European woman to visit Tibet (in disguise).
• According to the prophecy of the Bible writer Daniel, October of this year was the end of the Gentile Times and the beginning of Jehovah's (God's) Messianic Kingdom rule in Heaven.
• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa to spearhead the Indian independence movement.
• W. H. Carrier patents design of an air conditioner.
• The capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.
• Port of Orange, Texas dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the United States Navy.
• In the Tales of Asgaria universe, Frì'n Átt'ís was reincarnated as Frieden Atticus in London, England.

Ongoing events

• World War I (1914-1919)
• Assyrian Genocide (1914-1922)
• Mexican Revolution

Births

January-February

• January 1 - Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
• January 4 - Jane Wyman, American actress
• January 5 - George Reeves, American actor (d. 1959)
• January 6 - Danny Thomas, American singer, actor, and comedian (d. 1991)
• January 14 - Harold Russell, Canadian actor (d. 2002)
• January 15 - Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, English historian (d. 2003)
• January 17 - William Stafford, Aerican poet and pacifist (d. 1993)
• January 18 - Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)
• January 26 - Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar (d. 2006)
• January 30 - John Ireland, Canadian-born actor (d. 1992)
• January 30 - David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)
• January 31 - Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (d. 1994)
• February 4 - Alfred Andersch, German writer (d. 1980)
• February 4 - Ida Lupino, English actress, director, and writer (d. 1995)
• February 5 - William S. Burroughs, American author (d. 1997)
• February 5 - Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
• February 6 - Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor (d. 2005)
• February 9 - Ernest Tubb, American singer (d. 1984)
• February 11 - Matt Dennis, American singer (d. 2002)
• February 12 - Tex Beneke, American musician and band leader (d. 2000)
• February 19 - Jacques Dufilho, French comedian and actor (d. 2005)
• February 22 - Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• February 23 - Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)
• February 24 - Zachary Scott, American actor (d. 1965)

March-April

• March 1 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
• March 2 - Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
• March 6 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
• March 8 - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d.1987)
• March 13 - Edward O'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)
• March 14 - Bill Owen, English actor (d. 1999)
• March 17 - Sammy Baugh, American football player
• March 19 - Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)
• March 25 - Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• March 26 - William Westmoreland, U.S. general (d. 2005)
• March 28 - Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)
• March 30 - Sonny Boy Williamson, American musician (d. 1948)
• March 31 - Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
• April 2 - Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
• April 4 - Marguerite Duras, French author and director (d. 1996)
• April 4 - Frances Langford, American singer and actress (d. 2005)
• April 11 - Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
• April 22 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
• April 25 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., American writer (d. 1948)
• April 26 - Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)
• April 26 - Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1945)

May-June

• May - Arnold Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skating trainer (d. 2003)
• May 8 - Romain Gary, Russian-born writer and diplomat (d. 1980)
• May 9 - Hank Snow, Canadian country musician (d. 1999)
• May 12 - Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)
• May 12 - Howard K. Smith, American journalist (d. 2002)
• May 13 - Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)
• May 18 - Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)
• May 19 - Go Seigen, Japanese go player
• May 19 - Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2002)
• May 22 - Vance Packard, American author (d. 1996)
• May 22 - Sun Ra, American musician (d. 1993)
• May 28 - W. G. G. Duncan Smith, British World War II pilot (d. 1996)
• June 3 - Roy Glenn, American actor (d. 1971)
• June 15 - Yuri Andropov, Soviet politician (d. 1984)
• June 15 - Saul Steinberg, Romanian-American cartoonist (d. 1999)
• June 19 - Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator (d. 2000)
• June 19 - Harry Lauter, American actor (d. 1990)
• June 21 - William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
• June 29 - Rafael Kubelik, Czech-born conductor (d. 1996)

July-September

• July 2 - Frederick Fennell, American conductor (d. 2004)
• July 8 - Sarah P. Harkness, American architect.
• July 15 - Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)
• July 19 - John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (d. 1944)
• July 19 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
• July 10 - Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book creator, Co-creator of Superman (d. 1992)
• July 30 - Lord Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)
• August 2 - Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001)
• August 9 - Tove Jansson, Finnish author (d. 2001)
• August 10 - Jeff Corey, American actor (d. 2002)
• August 15 - Paul Rand, American graphic designer (d. 1996)
• August 17 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)
• August 17 - Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian World War II heroine (d. 1945)
• August 26 - Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (d. 1984)
• September 5 - Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Catholic nun (d. 2000)
• September 10 - Robert Wise, American film producer (d. 2005)
• September 11 - Sidney Hart, British trade unionist and religious administrator (d. 2005)
• September 12 - Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999)
• September 12 - Janusz Zurakowski, Polish-born pilot (d. 2004)
• September 14 - Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999)
• September 15 - Creighton Williams Abrams, U.S. general (d. 1974)
• September 15 - Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentinian writer (d. 1999)
• September 16 - Allen Funt, American television show host (d. 1999)
• September 23 - Bethsabée de Rothschild, English philanthropist and patron of dance (d. 1999)

October-December

• October 1 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
• October 4 - Jim Cairns, Australian politician (d. 2003)
• October 6 - Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (d. 2002)
• October 10 - Tommy Fine, baseball player (d. 2005)
• October 14 - Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• October 14 - Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)
• October 16 - Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan
• October 17 - Jerry Siegel, American comic book creator, Co-creator of Superman (d. 1996)
• October 21 - Martin Gardner, American writer on mathematics and games
• October 27 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (d. 1953)
• October 28 - Jonas Salk, American medical scientist (d. 1995)
• October 28 - Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
• October 28 - Glenn Robert Davis, member of United States Congress (d. 1988)
• November 11 - Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer (d. 2003)
• November 13 - Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)
• November 20 - Charles Berlitz, American author (d. 2003)
• November 25 - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)
• December 10 - Dorothy Lamour, American actress (d. 1996)
• December 12 - Patrick O'Brian, British writer (d. 2000)
• December 14 - Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. 2003)
• December 24 - Herbert Reinecker, German writer
• December 26 - Richard Widmark, American actor
• December 29 - Billy Tipton, American musician (d. 1989)
• December 30 - Bert Parks, American singer and actor (d. 1992)

Unknown dates

• Charles Donnelly, Northern Irish poet (d. 1937)

Deaths

• January 18 - Georges Picquart, French general and Minister of war (b. 1854)
• February 24 - Joshua Chamberlain, American Civil War general (b. 1828)
• March 1 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
• March 6 - George Washington Vanderbilt II, American businessman (b. 1862)
• March 12 - George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur (b. 1846)
• March 16 - Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
• March 19 - Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)
• March 25 - Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
• April 1 - Rube Waddell, baseball player (b. 1876)
• April 2 - Paul von Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
• April 7 - Ayub Khan, Afghan military leader (b. 1857)
• April 19 - Empress Shoken, Empress-consort of the Meiji Emperor (b. 1849)
• May 2 - John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom (b. 1845)
• June 14 - Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1835)
• June 21 - Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
• June 28 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1873)
• June 28 - Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1868)
• July 2 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (b. 1836)
• July 31 - Jean Jaurès, French pacifist (assassinated) (b. 1859)
• August 4 - Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (b. 1848)
• August 6 - Ellen Louise Wilson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1860)
• August 12 - John Philip Holland, Irish developer of the submarine (b. 1840)
• August 20 - Pope Pius X (b. 1835)
• August 30 - Aleksander Samsonov, Russian general (b. 1859)
• September 3 - Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)
• September 26 - August Macke, German painter (b. 1887)
• October 10 - King Carol I of Romania (b. 1839)
• November 3 - Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (b. 1887)
• November 11 - A. E. J. Collins, British cricketer and soldier (b. 1885)
• November 14 - Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, British field marshal (b. 1832)
• December 24 - John Muir, American naturalist (b. 1838)

Nobel prizes

• Physics - Max von Laue
• Chemistry- Theodore William Richards
• Medicine - Robert Bárány
• Literature - not awarded
• Peace - not awarded

Fictional references

• The 2001 animated film Atlantis: The Lost Empire takes place in late 1914.

External links

• 1914 Coin Picturesaf:1914

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